Christian Spanish Theology Essay examples - 1236 Words

Luke Savidge Linda Peacore Systematic Theology 10.28.2011 Manana: Christian Theology From A Hispanic Perspective Manana: Christian Theology From A Hispanic Perspective examines the basic ideas and concepts of Christian theology through the lens of the Hispanic culture. Justo Gonzalez, who writes the book, is a Cuban immigrant who feels as though the world in which he grew up helps him understand not only the Hispanic culture better, but theology and how it relates to Hispanics. Gonzalez explores different divisions within Christian theology in the book such as Biblical theology, reading the Bible in Spanish, Trinitarian theology, theology of creation, anthropology, Christology, and pneumatology. He draws a great picture and idea of†¦show more content†¦Gonzalez also explains how he feels like there have been many ‘macroevents’ and ‘macroformations’ that are going on now in the 20th century, which can be tied back to the 16th century and the Protestant Reformation. He talks about how history has shaped where the Hispanic culture is today, and how that ties into how they view theology and the Word. In chapter 5, which is titled Reading the Bible in Spanish, Gonzalez turns his focus onto Hispanic theology and how it interprets scripture. He primarily uses two separate terms when trying to explain the Hispanic perspective on the Bible, though he does not do a good job of clearly explaining the distinction between the two, which can make it difficult for the reader. The two words that he uses a plethora of times are innocent history and noninnocent history. He says that throughout the Old Testament, which he usually refers to as the ‘older’ testament, he feels as though this is the innocent history. He gives examples of this such as Abraham lying to Sarah, Jacob stealing the birthright, and other stories where it is blatantly against the Word. Gonzalez says that the New Testament, can be referred to as the noninnocent history, and uses examples of the Gospel writers. He states that when the writers of the Gospels were writing, that they held the noninnocent view , and he uses examples like the genealogy of Jesus, the incest ofShow MoreRelatedHistory Of South American Poverty And The Development Of Liberation Theology1451 Words   |  6 PagesLiberation Theology â€Å"But the poor person does not exist as an inescapable fact of destiny. His or her existence is not politically neutral, and it is not ethically innocent. The poor are a by-product of the system in which we live and for which we are responsible. They are marginalized by our social and cultural world. They are the oppressed, exploited proletariat, robbed of the fruit of their labor and despoiled of their humanity. Hence the poverty of the poor is not a call to generous relief actionRead MoreAnalysis Of Thes The Interior Castle And John Calvins Institutes Of The Christian Religion1888 Words   |  8 Pageschanges. The 16th century offers a liminal period of such changes in the Western world as the Reformations, both Catholic and Protestant, remade the Christian self. In this essay, I offer a foray into the concept of self-knowledge in this pivotal period by comparing the concept in Teresa of Avila’s The Interior Castle and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion. These two dissimilar figures, one a Catholic, mystical theologian and the other the father of Reformed Protestantism renowned for hisRead MoreFeminist Theology1492 Words   |  6 PagesFeminist Theology Feminist theology is based on the idea of not lord but brother. Jesus Christ himself stepped outside of societies norms by befriending the outcasts of society, which included women. Women are often portrayed as the cause of or focus of evil and misdeeds in the bible. The focus of feminist theology is the perspective of theology from those who were outcast and therefore considered themselves as equals and friends to Jesus Christ. If there is anything they desire to know,Read MoreThe Spanish Inquisition Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesThe Spanish Inquisition became an infamous event in history that would interest and shock people for centuries to come. King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella of Spain started the Spanish Inquisition in September of 1480; however, it was two years earlier in the November of 1478 that Pope Sixtus IV actually authorized the two monarchs to set up and start the Inquisition. (The Spanish Inquisition, n.d.) The Inquisition mostly dealt with the conversos, or Jews who had converted either under duressRead MoreEssay about Liberation Theology796 Words   |  4 PagesLiberation Theology I see [liberation theology] as a theology of the people, rather than of professional theologians; rising out of the cries of the oppressed; refined in the experience of those who may not even be able to read and write; clarified in thousands of base communities; embodied in lives that risk everything to be faithful to the good news that God hears their cry, sides with them in their distress, and works with them for liberation- a liberation in which they play a central roleRead MoreGospel Culture Encounter1558 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Every Christian is both a member of the universal church and also a participant in a particular culture. There is not one Christian interpretation of Jesus; there are many different ones, shaped by different cultures.† I find this quote by Lesslie Newbigin, from his book The Open Secret, to be a great and apropos description of what we find in our exploration of The Theology of the Pain of God by Kazoh Kitamori. Kitamori’s thoughts are definitely shaped by the Japanese culture, but yet can beRead MoreThe Importance Of Biblical Faith And General Human Wisdom1430 Words   |  6 Pagesalso maintain the truth of biblical teaching, and yet affirm elements of God s wisdom variously present in the cultures and cultural religions of the world. The cultural mentalities that produced such historical phenomena as the Crusades or the Spanish Inquisition are entirely devoid of biblical faith of general human wisdom. Faith in God s word gives the wisdom to believe in the History in which He came about that is recorded in scripture. 　　　　By the end of days, it is written that the kingdomRead MoreThe Spanish Inquisition During The Moors Essay1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Spanish Inquisition was a court system established in 1478 that tried and sentenced heretics. Victims of these trials were predominantly â€Å"conversos†, Jewish people that had converted to Catholicism. The Spanish Inquisition was not formally abolished until 1834 by Queen Isabella II. Although the severity of the Inquisition is most likely exaggerated, it still remains a dark point in the history of the Catholic Church. To understand the Spanish Inquisition, we must first understand the eventsRead MoreThe Fields Of Philosophy And Theology1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe fields of philosophy and theology are often grounds of debate. While some hold these two to be relevant and dependent on each other, others find them to be completely independent of each other. In John D. Caputo’s work, Philosophy and Theology, he expresses his view of these fields as companions. Caputo states, â€Å"Think of philosophers and theologians as fellow sailors on [the] ocean,† depicting his view of the interdependence of these two fields (Caputo 69). Through his illustration we can findRead MoreAntisemitism in the Middle Ages1616 Words   |  7 Pages In the year of 1492, most people instantly think of the Columbus’ discovery of the New World. But in the joy of the discovery of the New World also comes the tragedy of the Old World. The Spanish Inquisition was one of the darkest periods of time in Jewish history. Christianity’s view of other religions as inferior is portrayed in many well-known pieces of literature, including one of William Shakespeare’s most famous plays, The Merchant of Venice. Towering over Shakespeare’s romantic comedy

Overpopulation a Problem - 1464 Words

Is Overpopulation a Serious Problem? This question seems to be question that is asked quite frequently lately. In the last two centuries, population has skyrocketed. In 1800 the world population was only at 1 billion, and today its estimated that the world population exceeds six billion people. With overpopulation, many problems have arisen. Some believe that overpopulation is the reason for world hunger, global population will reach crisis proportions by 2050, and some believe that overpopulation will bring the extinction of the human race. When one looks at the arguments that these people present, its quite overwhelming the amount of evidence thats supports their argument. On the other side, the evidence for the opposing†¦show more content†¦Malthus goes on to state that the earth is filled with life in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and that if left unhindered could fill all the worlds in the universe, but necessity, that imperious all pervading law of nature restrains them within their prescribe d boundaries. Man cannot escape from this fact. Among plants and animals its effects are waste of seed, sickness, and premature death. Among mankind, misery and viceÂ…Â…* Malthus in his article goes on to state what kinds of positive preventive checks there are for population growth and uses England as an example. The difficulties of raising a family acts as a preventive check, as well as some of the distresses of the lower classes in providing food and adequate attention to children also acts as a preventitive check. Malthus states that the preventive check operates in some effect to all ranks of society in England. For example, he says that there are some men even in the highest rank not willing to start a family due to the fact that they have to give up many of their own leisurely activities, or not willing to give up the money to start a family. ‘These consideration are certainly trivial, but a preventive foresight of this kind has objects of much greater weigh t for its contemplation as we go lower.* A good situation that embodies this quote is that of a single man that earns just enough money to be considered to be in the class of a gentleman. If this man gets married he must knowShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation1102 Words   |  5 PagesIreland in the 1720’s, poverty and overpopulation were at a problematic rate. Many of the people who lived in England were exiled to Ireland. Many of these Englishmen felt mistreated and wronged. Ireland was a colony to England. The people of England had more money and power than the people of Ireland because England controlled Ireland. Johnathon Swift, a satirical writer, wrote â€Å"A Modest Proposal† to show the flaws of the current solutions to the overpopulation and poverty crisis in Ireland. He wantedRead MoreOverpopulation : The Problem Of Overpopulation1251 Words   |  6 PagesOverpopulation: The Top Worry Yet to be Proven by the Worried The definition of hysteria is an exaggerated or uncontrollable emotion, usually found within groups of people. An example of hysteria includes overpopulation, the futuristic â€Å"problem† that is not and will not be a dilemma in the foreseeable future. Back in 15,000 B.C., the world population was five million. Today, it is a staggering seven billion plus. This has caused unease that overpopulation will be a problem for our future generationsRead MoreOverpopulation Is A Problem Of Overpopulation1529 Words   |  7 Pagesthe whole humankind. Overpopulation is a problem that every nation is facing but sometimes over looked by due to lack of understanding and awareness. This is a serious issue that should be taken care of immediately. Overpopulation is an undesirable situation where the number of existing human populace surpasses the carrying capability of Earth. There are main factors that are contributing overpopulation such as the rising birth rate and declining of mortality rate. Overpopulation occurs when the birthRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1388 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with, in demography, the term overpopulation refers to a condition wherein the total population of a particular region far exceeds the carrying capacity of the region. Although the term by and large refers to the ratio between population and the available area, the ratio between the population and available resources cannot be ignored. First, the rate at which the population is growing; the data compiled by the United Nations shows that the world population grew by 30 percent betweenRead MoreOverpopulation And The Problem Of Overpopulation1747 Words   |  7 PagesOverpopulation Programs There are many organizations that deal with the problem of overpopulation or problems related to the effects of overpopulation such as environmental effects. Some of the organizations that I found related to this topic are the United Nations Population Fund, a group called Population Matters, another group called the World Population Balance and the Center for Biological Diversity. All of these groups deal with the issue of overpopulation and the effects that overpopulationRead MoreThe Problem Of Overpopulation And Overpopulation872 Words   |  4 PagesHuman overpopulation. Human population can be defined as the condition whereby, the total count of the human inhabiting a certain area exceeds the carrying capacity of the area Bongaarts, (2011). This brings out an issue of the carrying capacity of the region which alludes to the number of individuals who can inhabit a certain area for a given period. It may also be looked at as the situation whereby the available renewable resources in a certain area can satisfactorily support the current populationRead MoreThe Problem Of The Overpopulation Problem1122 Words   |  5 PagesPerhaps one solution for the overpopulation problem is to provide all children, who have reached puberty with Reproductive Education License of Four (REL4). REL4 is a two-step solution program that will provide education and contraception, which will decrease the population growth. Jennifer Weeks (2015) article, â€Å"Global Population Growth,† discusses the number of women without access to birth control. Research conducted by a nonprofit organization showed nearly 225 million women globally, includingRead MoreOverpopulation : The Convoluted Problems Of Overpopulation896 Words   |  4 PagesOverpopulation The convoluted problems concerning overpopulation remain to be a highly discussed issue in various countries throughout the world. Some issues that are in support of overpopulation include the opportunity to place innovative ideas into action, aids in stimulating the economy, creates job openings in new growing industries, increased human resources, encourages competition, advancement in urbanization and development, creates a demand for industries like farming, and allows for cheaperRead MoreOverpopulation Is Not The Problem1395 Words   |  6 Pages Overpopulation Overpopulation is a prominent controversial topic among society, in which some believe the exponential growth of humanity is detrimental to its future, whereas others conclude this theory is a myth due to human nature and resources. In Isaac Asimov’s, â€Å"The Case Against Man†, he elucidated the verity of overpopulation, emphasizing that the disproportion of earth’s carrying capacity and its resources will inevitably lead to humanity’s demise. Introducing the notion thatRead MoreOverpopulation Is Still The Problem1201 Words   |  5 PagesIn the article Overpopulation Is Still the Problem, Alon Tal (2013) claims that overpopulation remains the number one problem facing the world today and discusses various problems and possible solutions. Tal unveils the falsely assuring news stories refuting overpopulation as a problem. He particularly dissects Ellis Erle’s assertions, in the New York Times, concerning China’s seemingly magical works of t echnology. Erle comes to the conclusion that China’s amazing technology has and will always be

Implementing Evaluating A Plan Nursing Care -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implementing Evaluating A Plan Nursing Care? Answer: Introduction The actual problem in Mr. Popes situation is that she is highly malnourished to an extent that she may potentially encounter muscle weakness, dizziness, and may also be at high risk of contracting diseases (Verlaan et al, 2017). However, the most prominent potential problem to be encountered by Mrs. Pope is an unintentional loss of weight which may be at the rate of 5% to 10% within 3 to 6 months (Bowers, 1999). The assessment will begin by measuring Mrs. Popes (the clients) weight, body mass index (BMI) and triceps skinfold thickness (compared to a normal of 13mm). Next, there will be an assessment of her skin colour (may be pale in case of malnutrition). The patient may also appear thin and have less serum albumin and serum cholesterol than required. According to Bowers (1999), this will sum up to a protein-calorie malnutrition diagnosis with proper recommendations for calorie intake made. Goals and Expected Outcomes Depending on the assessment, it may be recommended that the patient should gain at least one pound per week. Similarly, as part of the plan, the nurse will be expected to verbally explain the nutritional requirements and the strategies required to ensure that the nutritional requirements are incorporated into the clients diet upon discharge (Verlaan et al, 2017). Ultimately, it is an expected outcome that the patient will remain free of infection. As part of the actions, the nurse will ensure that the client is weighed weekly at a specific time of the day to keep a record of the progress. Secondly, as recommended by Verlaan et al (2017), the nurse is expected to teach the patients caregiver on basic nutritional requirements besides designing a program that would guide the patient on how to eat the recommended food nutrients ( e.g. high calorie or high protein). However, the program should also incorporate the patients preferences (Bowers 1999). Finally, the client must be guided on how to reduce the risk of infections. To ensure that the clients situation is closely monitored even after discharge, she will be asked whether she feels more energetic. Likewise, as Bowers (1999) recommends, the Miss Goodey will be asked to assist in purchasing food that will ensure she maintains the required calorie and protein levels. Psychosocial consequences faced by Mr Pope during her association with Miss Goodey Bowers (1999) defined psychosocial problems as those associated with work, relationships or schools. While older people may experience stressors that are common to other people, they are also highly susceptible to other problems which are common to people in later stages in life. For instance, due to the age difference between Mrs. Pope and Miss Goodey, Mrs. Pope might have faced isolation, or loneliness because of lack of peers to interact with (Verlaan et al, 2017). As mentioned earlier, a major potential problem to be encountered by Mrs. Pope due to her status of malnutrition include is high susceptibility to diseases. To prevent this, strategies such as maintaining hand hygiene, environmental hygiene, vaccination and care coordination between the Mrs. Goodey and the nurse can be of great help in reducing the risk of disease infection (Verlaan et al, 2017). To discharge the patient, I would enrol the patient to a nutritional support program close to her home for 4 to 6 months, where she would be exposed to a prescribed diet for the first two months and varied nutritional diets in the subsequent months until she gets stable (Bowers 1999). If there is no nutritional support program near her home, I would refer them to the nearest health center for a continued monitoring and evaluation. I would assess my clients cognition levels through a clinical neuropsychological assessment which involves a detailed interview with the client together with a close family member. Argued by Rao Sarkar (2017) as the gold standard for cognition assessment, neuropsychological assessment entails a study of the clients history together with the family members representation of the nature and cause of their cognitive impairment. Hence, to conduct a successful neuropsychological assessment, I would be required to have previous psychological and medical reports of the patient to help develop a hypothesis of what could be the cause of a patients cognitive impairment. Nursing Interventions to Promote Cognitive Wellness A major intervention for promoting cognitive wellness among aged patients is cognitive intervention. Based on the neuroplasticity theory, cognitive interventions such as processing efficiency training can improve mental processing while teaching cognitive strategies such as mnemonics have been proven to compensate for lost cognitive abilities (Rao Sarkar, 2017). Equally, as Shu-Ying Ting-Yueh (2017) mention, psychotherapy has been a major intervention towards cognitive wellness because it helps eliminate symptoms of cognitive decline such as anxiety, irritability, and depression. Xie (2017) supports nutrition and physical activity as good interventions. On the other hand, Kalyuga (2008) and Shu-Ying TingYueh (2017) agree that cognitive training is among the best strategies. However, other studies (Hwang Hwang, 2008) suggest that a successful introduction of these interventions to aged patients requires a deeper understanding of their personality and preferences, as some techniques may not achieve a high success rate with some kinds of personalities. Firstly, observe what is inside to prepare for the weight and check the condition of the box to prevent of dropping the box if it has rips (Van der et al, 2015). Secondly, ensure that the route towards the storage is clear to avoid stumbling and tripping off with the box. Thirdly, keep the back straight before firmly gripping the sides of the box for a slow lifting. Fourthly, while carrying the box, the carrier should keep their back straight and never to twist at any given point because twisting may cause injury. Finally, while placing the box down, the carriers back should be straight before shifting the box to their legs and squatting to place the box gently on the floor. Assisting a Client to Stand and Move to a Chair/Bed The client should be asked to put his/her hands on the chairs armrest, before leaning forward and moving to the front of the chair. The next step is to ask the client to put their feet on the floor while keeping it under their knees and within the hip width. The client should then be asked to lean forward while still in a sitting position so that her nose is over the toes and upper body over and above their knees. The nurse can then confirm if the client is ready and steady; telling them to rock gently before asking them to push to a standing position while supporting themselves on the armrest (Bernadette et al 2009). To sit on next chair/bed, the client is asked to use back of their legs to feel the bed/chair and gently lower themselves to the bed/chair upon reaching for the armrest (Van der et al 2015). For a safe sit-up, the nurse should first be as close as possible to the patient by seeking support on the patients bed (Bernadette et al, 2009). Next, the nurse should talk to the patient explaining to him/her how to keep the correct posture by keeping the spine in its S-curve natural shape, keeping the eyes and head facing straight ahead. Likewise, it is important to get a firm grip on the patient as they gently sit up (Van der et al, 2015). According to Darabi et al (2016), performing a nutritional assessment is to develop a good intervention and improving the clients health by identifying changes in their lifestyles. The first step is to collect clinical data of the patient including their weight and BMI. Similarly, I would take the nutrition history of the patient including their eating disorders, food preparation and the micronutrient levels in the food intake to be considered while designing a diet plan for the patient (Argyri et al, 2011). It is also important to monitor the clients weight history and history of physical activity before assessing the food preparers knowledge of the patients targeted blood glucose levels (Darabi et al, 2016). Strategies to Reduce Negative Outcomes and Effects of the Home Cooked Meals on Diabetes The patient should take foods with a low glycemic index to have a modest rise in blood sugar (Argyri et al, 2011). Similarly, there is a need to establish proper meal timing, and the meals must match with the insulin doses to ensure that the body has time to respond to insulin doses. Likewise, it is important for the patient not to skip meals as this may lead to hypoglycaemia (Darabi et al, 2016). Educational Direction on Long-Term Effects of Raised Blood Glucose Levels I would first inform the patient about the possible macro vascular complications which include damages on the legs, brain and heart vessels. Similarly, I would inform the patient about possible micro vascular complications which entails the damage of feet, kidney, and eye blood vessels (Argyri et al, 2011). I would then educate the patient on how to minimize the possibilities of these effects. Instructions for Procedures An eye bath is usually undertaken when a toxic substance accidentally enters the eye. In case of this emergency, the victim should: a) Move immediately to the eye washing station b) Activate the flushing unit according to the operating instructions c) Position the eyes directly on the flushing stream d) Keep the eyes wide open by holding eyelids apart e) Roll the eyes gently in an anti-clockwise direction so that the fluid reaches all areas of the eyes f) Continue flushing the eyes for 15-20 minutes so that the chemical/toxic substance is fully diluted g) Upon flushing, victim should visit a doctor for further directions. Changing a Dressing According to Verlaan et al, (2017), this procedure is normally undertaken to ensure that the wound dries as first as possible. The author further suggests the following steps to be followed: a) Wear non-sterile new pair of gloves b) Place the preferred packing tape or gauze pads on a bowl with saline c) Squeeze the packing tape until saline no longer drips d) Carefully cover the wound with the wet packing tape, leaving no spaces under the skin e) Cover the wet packing pad with a dry dressing pad larger in size before holding the dressing in place with a tape f) The used supplies should then be put in a securely closed plastic bag before putting it in a second closed plastic bag and trashing it g) Wash hands upon finishing I would greet the patient with their first name. In this manner, the patient will feel more secure and confident with me. This also builds an incredible relationship between the carer and the patient, creating more room for proper engagement during the procedure (Tateaki et al, 2017). Techniques Used To Assist an Elderly Patient Shower, Shave and General Personal Grooming First, bathing should be done only as often as necessary if the patient finds a difficulty in bathing. While it may be possible to avoid a daily bath, carers must ensure that the patients genital area, hands, and face are washed daily. Before conducting the bath, the carer must ensure that all the bathing supplies are ready and that the room is kept comfortably warm. An electric shave is recommended due to its safety and ease of use. However, the patient must be in a sitting position and they must have dentures in their mouths too before shaving (Dahl et al, 2015). Oral hygiene I would ensure the patients mouth is cleaned on a daily basis, and that the dentures are regularly checked for cracks. I would also remove the dentures for regular cleaning and store them in clean water while not in use (Tuncbilek Senol, 2016). Documentation to Be Completed During the Day I would maintain a grooming and dressing checklist and accident reports to ensure that all the grooming activities are executed and that any accident that occurs during the day is recorded. 6.5 Items to be noted in the Progress Notes for an Adult Daily Care a) Clients emotional changes b) Clients physical changes and c) Clients behavioural changes Case studies How to Prevent Valdis Frustration and anger Valdi could be assisted by making the instructions more easy and simple to understand, besides avoiding too many questions or statements at once. Fulfilling Religious Needs of the Care Patients To assist Farzan to meet his religious needs, it is important to let him know that the hospital respects his religious status and gives him the liberty to exercise the rights associated with the religion. However, the patient can be made to understand that having two caregivers five times a day may be impossible for the hospital. Thereafter, the hospital can negotiate with the client to reduce the number of prayer sessions to accommodate the hospitals routines (Verlaan et al, 2017). References Argyri, K, Sotiropoulos, A, Psarou, E, Papazafiropoulou, A, Taouxis, M, Zampelas, A, Kapsokefalou, M 2011, 'Desserts of modified composition have a positive effect to postprandial glucose and insulin response in diabetics', Hellenic Journal Of Nutrition Dietetics, 2, 1, pp. 37-45. Bowers, S 1999, 'Nutrition Support For Malnourished, Acutely Ill Adults', MEDSURG Nursing, 8, 3, p. 145. Bernadette, P, Leonie, D, Yvonne F., H, Johan, M, P. N. Richard, D, Jan H., V 2009, 'Development of a Battery of Instruments for Detailed Measurement of Health Status in Patients with COPD in Routine Care: The Nijmegen Clinical Screening Instrument', Quality Of Life Research, 7, p. 901. Darabi, A, Pourafshar, S, Suryavanshi, R, Arrington, T 2016, 'Comparison of three instructional strategies in food and nutrition education: developing a diet plan for a diabetic case', International Journal Of Science Education, 38, 7, pp. 1197-1211. Dahl, U, Johnsen, R, Saetre, R, Steinsbekk, A 2015, 'The influence of an intermediate care hospital on health care utilization among elderly patients - a retrospective comparative cohort', BMC Health Services Research, 15, 1, pp. 940-966. Hwang, G, Tseng, J, Hwang, G 2008, 'Diagnosing Student Learning Problems Based on Historical Assessment Records', Innovations In Education And Teaching International, 45, 1, pp. 77-89. Kalyuga, S 2008, 'When Less Is More in Cognitive Diagnosis: A Rapid Online Method for Diagnosing Learner Task-Specific Expertise', Journal Of Educational Psychology, 100, 3, pp. 603-612. Rao, S, Sarkar, A 2017, 'Beneficial Effects of Exercise on Cognitive Decline in Old Age', Indian Journal Of Gerontology, 31, 4, pp. 423-429. Shu-Ying, T, Ting-Yueh, C 2017, 'Research on Outdoor Environments and Activity Behavior of Senior Citizens with Dementia - A Study in Taipei City', Applied Mechanics Materials, 865, p. 605. Tateaki, N, Taro, O, Takashi, A, Takuya, O, Yoshiyuki, M, Madoka, K, Hitomi, S, Haruyasu, M, Hirotsugu, K, Tetsuhiko, T, Akira, O, Kazushige, W, Hisao, I, Takuya, O, Takeshi, I, Shota, O, Kazuhisa, N, Masahiro, E, Katsuhiro, O, Keita, M 2017, 'Unfavorable impact of cancer cachexia on activity of daily living and need for inpatient care in elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in Japan: a prospective longitudinal observational study', BMC Cancer, 17, pp. 1-10. Tuncbilek, Z, Senol Celik, S 2016, 'Nursing diagnoses and interventions in the care of elderly patients undergoing surgery', Expert Review Of Pharmacoeconomics Outcomes Research, 16, 1, p. 17. Van der, S, R. A., G, R., B, F. Galindo, G, J., E, T. J., H, N. L. U. van, M 2015, 'What Augmented Physical Activity and Empowerment Can Bring to Patients Receiving Total Knee Replacement: Content, Implementation, and Comparative Effectiveness of a New Function-Tailored Care Pathway in a Routine Care Setting', Biomed Research International, Vol 2015 (2015), Directory of Open Access Journals, EBSCOhost, viewed 8 March 20. Verlaan, S, Ligthart-Melis, G, Wijers, S, Cederholm, T, Maier, A, de van der Schueren, M 2017, 'High Prevalence of Physical Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Malnourished Older Adults--A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis', Journal Of The American Medical Directors Association, 5. Xie, Q 2017, 'Diagnosing university students academic writing in English: Is cognitive diagnostic modelling the way forward?', Educational Psychology, 37, 1, pp. 26-47.

Music Recording Industry free essay sample

For centuries man had dreamed of capturing the sounds and music of his environment by means of music recordings. The road to successful music recording had not been smooth until the derivation of the music recording industry. Since the inception of the music recording industry, the way in which music is produced, distributed, sold and consumed have greatly changed so also has popular music changed over time. These changes resulted from new technology which was invented between 1890 and 1900 and paved way for entry, which In turn has caused significant structural shocks within the industry.The Sound Recording Technology invention has not only changed the way we listen, but has also substantially reduced the cost of production, reproduction and distribution of the industry product to the very minimum especially within the past 5 years. Although technology seems to pose an obstacle to entry into the industry, recently, the main barrier to entry over the past years has been radio airplay because of the cost associated with Informing consumers about the existence and the nature of products In the Industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Recording Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Between 1900 and 1910, there was an integration of three large firms (Victor, Columbia andEdison) who controlled most audio-related products including playback devices and the audio products themselves and this served as a substantial barrier to entry. But it is possible for another technology of supply, high speed internet, might eventually offset this important barrier to new entrants into the industry. After 1910, the music recording Industry became the center of controversy involving (1) alleged price fixing by the major firms in the Industry and (2) massive alleged copyright Infringement by consumers, in what amount to a free-for-all over economic rents.The clash between he firm and their consumers has erupted in legal open warfare, with the Federal Trade Commission and courts finding the major firms guilty of overcharging consumers by nearly half a billion dollars in a scheme that maintain artificially high prices, and the industry suing hundreds of consumers for copy right In fringement according to Proof Peter J. Alexander in Market Structure of the Domestic Music Recording Industry.In 2003, The Business week online posted that, The Recording Association of America (ARIA the trade association for the music recording industry, issued hundreds of subpoenas aimed at individual consumers whom they alleged to e copyright violators. MARKET STRUCTURE Number of Firms The market structure of the music recording industry is made of five large international and integrated firms. These firms are Veined Universal, Sony Corporation, Time Warner, Mi Group and Bertelsmann GAG. These firms exhibit number of characteristics including dating back as far as the twentieth century.Also, with the exception of Time Warner, all the firms have been sold and bought many times. Additionally, each firm except MI Is part of a larger media with particular production, manufacturing and distribution. The largest among these firms is the Veined Universal Music which was created in 1998 from two major French firms, Polygraph and MAC. According to the Various Company Reports, represented by the table below, the Veined Universal Music is currently the largest music company in terms of market share and recorded music revenues.It owns the largest recorded music in the world, with over one million catalog of recorded music. Its operational activities include production, distribution and publishing of music as well as licensing of music copyrights. According to Proof Peter J. Alexander, in 2002, one out of very four compact disks sold worldwide was a Universal Music Group Product. Some of the Effendis other media holdings include Universal studios (motion picture), USA Networks (television) and Houghton Muffling (book publishing). Table 1. Worldwide Conglomerate Revenues of the Major Firms, 2002 Firm Total Worldwide Revenue billions) Veined Universal $57 Time Warner $18 MI Company Reports, 2002 | $60 Sony $41 Bertelsmann $0. 36 Source: Various Sony Corporation is a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate and its operational activities include production of Sony compact disks, distribution of recorded music and also publishing music. Sony Corporation is a leading manufacturer of audio, video, communications, and information technology products for the consumer and professional markets.Its motion picture, television, computer entertainment, music and online businesses make Sony one of the most comprehensive entertainment and technology companies in the world. Other media of the Sony Corporation are the motion picture houses Columbia pictures and Trim-Star pictures. According to Andrew Herman, Sony Corporation became presence in the music record when it bought CBS in 1988. Bertelsmann is a German multi media corporation founded in 1835, based in Gutturals Germany. It is the second largest global media conglomerate measured in terms of total revenue.Bertelsmann media holdings include books and magazine publishing, producing, manufacturing, and distribution of recorded music. It is also a major European television and radio broadcaster and content producer. Bertelsmann bought RCA in 1985, and that increased their interest in becoming a major presence in the music industry. Time Warner is a US based conglomerate and it is the second largest cable provider in the USA. It produces, manufactures, publishes and distributes recorded music. Time Warner also controls the publishing rights of over one million music titles.Other media holding include Warner Brother (motion pictures), WEB Network (television), HOBO (television), Time Life (magazine) and Warner Books. MI is a British conglomerate which also produces, manufactures, distributes and publishes recorded music. It is the second largest music publisher and comprises more than one hundred music label. The MI Group also has a major publishing arm, MI Music Publishing also based in London with offices globally. It is the least diversified among the other firms. According to Pro J Peterson, recently, four of these giant firms have been in negotiation to merge their recording business).In early 2004 Time Warner sold its Warner Music subsidiary to a new set of owners led by the Canadian Frogman interests. Combinations between any of these firms would have led to more concentration in that field. Barriers of Entry raisers to entry in the record industry are generally regarded as low. A number of independents have entered the market successfully over the last ten years. A number of artists signed to independent labels have featured in the singles and album charts. The Top 40 singles charts gained 540 new entrants in the year ending September 1993, 84 of which were from independents.The Top 40 album charts gained 272 new entries over the same period, 42 of which were from independents according to the British report on recorded music. A small independent record company has few sunk costs since recording, manufacturing, distribution and marketing can all be contracted out to independent third parties. Many costs have come down in recent years. For example, recording equipment of reasonable quality can be purchased for a few hundred pounds, allowing initial recording to be done way from the studio. At the smallest end of the market a recording can be made in a home studio.The combination of rapidly changing consumer tastes and a pool of artistic talent in the I-J provides opportunities for independents. Independents can compete against the majors in the signing of new artists in a number of ways. An Independent may concentrate on a particular type of music and be better placed than a major to spot new talent and make contact with an artist. Artists may be more attracted to an independent that has a good reputation in their type of music than to ajar (that is, they might be perceived as having more street creed).There appears to be a pool of people with experience of the record business that is willing to set up record companies, for example ex-artists, producers, artists managers or ax-employees of the majors. The reputation of these people may be sufficient to attract new artists. The independents often develop links with the majors. For example, if a new artist is successful but the independent cannot market the artist overseas, the independent may come to an arrangement with a major under which he artists recordings are licensed to the major, the artist is signed by the major, or the major takes some financial interest in the independent.Whatever the particular arrangements, there are likely to be benefits for both parties. The majors are interested in sharing in the A;R successes of the independents, while for their part the independents gain funds for further A;R. The risks to the artist of signing with an independent are reduced if this exit route is available. The option of outright sale to a major is also open to an independent. The major may be attracted y the existing artist roster, the back catalogue, the personnel or the name of the label. The possibility of a profitable exit from the market is an incentive for a new entrant The table below shows entrance of new firms to the music industry since 1983 Source: British 1994 report on recorded music Shares of the Market According to the BBC worldviews. Com up to 90% of the global music market is accounted for by Just five corporations: MI Records, Sony, Veined Universal, Time operate in all of the major music markets in the world. Each of the corporations maintains their headquarters in the US, the largest of the worlds markets.Of the Big Five, Veined Universal is the largest, with 29% of the market share and Unholy owned record operations or licensees in 63 countries. Its nearest rival is AOL rime Warner, with 15. 9% of the market share. Each of the corporations operates in a rarity of fields beyond recorded music, incorporating publishing, electronics and telecommunications, thus extending their influence to cover more markets within the global entertainment industry. In achieving their dominance in music sales, the Big Five each own a large portfolio of labels, from formerly independent labels to large regional operators in different oratories.The biggest exception to their domination of the market is in India, where the large film music market has so far defied these corporations. Africa has also proved to be a difficult market for the American-owned corporations, largely because the economic situation outside South Africa means a lack of profitable markets. In South Africa, Gallo Records is one of the biggest record labels, not only because of its representation of African music, but also from being exclusive licensee for Warner Music International. Ere Big Five are not always in competition with each other, and it is in their best tersest to act together at times.MI is the sole licensee of BMW material in Greece. A press material in May 2002 stressed that the deal would work well for both companies, with MI licensing some important internatio nal artists, and Bums Greek artists being looked after by a company with a much bigger local presence. Co- operation and partnerships, then, can yield not only greater profits, but maintain their status as corporate giants. Many well-known smaller labels are in fact owned by one of the Big Five companies. Nile labels are often started by entrepreneurs, the dominance of the major labels sakes large scale success difficult for these firms.And should they achieve a high degree of success, they excite to the predatory instincts of the large corporations. This gives the major labels a wider ranging repertoire in different geographical markets and musical genres. Juju Nile small labels will continue to exist, they become increasingly unable to grow Introit becoming part of one of the Big Five companies. This pattern looks set to continue into the future as the larger companies continue their strategy of acquisition, and potentially merge amongst themselves in an attempt to dominate the market even further.